Bim和ULBP2的水平对肾母细胞瘤术后患儿复发及预后的影响

目的探讨并分析肾母细胞瘤术后患儿血清中Bim和ULBP2的水平变化,并分析其对患儿术后复发及预后的影响。方法选择行单侧肾母细胞瘤切除术患儿60例,根据不同分期分为2组,分别为中期组(Ⅱ~Ⅲ期,43例)和晚期组(Ⅳ~Ⅴ期,17例),人ELISA试剂盒检测各组患者血清中Bim和ULBP2的含量并进行比较,进一步分析其对患者复发及预后情况的影响。结果与中期组瘤组织相比,晚期组瘤组织中BIM相对表达量均显著降低,ULBP2相对表达量均显著增加(P<0.05);与瘤旁组织相比,两组瘤组织中BIM相对表达量均显著降低,ULBP2相对表达量均显著增加(P均<0.05)。与术前1 d和术后1 h相比,术后1 w两组患儿血清中Bim含量均显著上升,ULBP2含量均显著下降(P均<0.05),而两组患儿术前1 d和术后1 h相比,两指标变化均不具统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与中期组相比,晚期组术前1 d、术后1 h以及术后1 w,患儿血清中Bim含量均显著上升,ULBP2含量均显著下降(P均<0.05)。与中期组相比,晚期组术后复发、肺转移以及死亡等不良预后状况的总发生率显著上升(P<0.05)。肾母细胞瘤患儿预后状况与其根治性瘤肾切除术后血清中Bim的含量呈显著负相关,与血清中ULBP2的含量呈显著正相关(P均<0.01)。结论肾母细胞瘤术后可通过患儿血清中Bim和ULBP2的水平变化对其复发及预后进行评价,其预后状况与根治性瘤肾切除术后血清中Bim的含量呈显著负相关,与血清中ULBP2的含量呈显著正相关。     

Cranio-caudal approach to hepatic veins in laparoscopic central bisectionectomy (with Video)

BackgroundLaparoscopic central bisectionectomy (Couinaud's segment IV, V, and VIII) needs exposure of the RHV and MHV on the surface of the remnant and the resecting side, respectively. Avoiding venous injury is mandatory and laparoscopy-specific cranio-caudal approach to hepatic veins might be helpful [1]. We present this procedure in performing laparoscopic central bisectionectomy.PatientA 45-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a 6 cm HCC in the segment VIII and IV. Her comorbid disease was non-cirrhotic HBV hepatitis (Child-Pugh grade A) and diabetes (untreated).MethodAfter cholecystectomy, G₄ branches were dissected and cut by extra- or intra-hepatic approach. Hilar plate was dissected and the G_ant was encircled and occluded by a vascular clip. Afterwards, exposure of the MHV was started at its root on IVC [2,3] and extended in cranio-caudal direction [1]. After sufficient space was obtained around the G_ant, the G_ant and the MHV were cut. Parenchymal transection between right anterior and right posterior sections was also started form the root of the RHV to its cranio-caudal direction. Liver resection was finished with full exposure of the RHV.ResultsThe operating time was 380 minutes, and the blood loss volume was 30 ml. Postoperative CT image showed exposure of the RHV and umbilical portion of Glissonean branch, and no fluid retention.ConclusionLaparoscopy-specific cranio-caudal approach to hepatic veins may be useful to avoid split injury of venous branches [4], especially if the hepatectomy requires complete exposure of hepatic vein, such as central bisectionectomy.     

The detection and management of complications following the treatment of liver metastases

While once considered as incurable systemic disease, treatment options for liver metastases have increased over the last 30 years and safety has improved dramatically, such that for a selected group of patients the hope of cure can now be offered with radical treatment, and low morbidity interventions can be offered which prolong survival, even in patients with more widely disseminated disease. Advances have been made in selection and surgical technique for liver resection and several adjuncts to resection now exist in the form of portal vein embolization, thermal ablation and targeted drug or radiotherapy delivery options. A natural consequence of these developments has been the delivery of services within fewer specialist units, with the result that later complications of therapy may present to local hospitals, rather than directly to the specialist centres. This article will describe the current common liver-directed therapies and outline the presentation and management of their complications.     

Pelvic exenteration: Pre-, intra-, and post-operative considerations

This review outlines the role of pelvic exenteration (PE) in the management of certain locally-advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancers. PE has undergone significant evolution over the past decades. Advances in pre-, intra-, and post-operative care have been directed towards achieving the ‘holy grail’ of an R0 resection, which remains the most important predictor of survival, quality of life, morbidity, and cost effectiveness following PE.Patient selection for surgery is largely determined by assessment of resectability. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging determines the extent of local disease, while positron emission tomography remains the most accurate tool for exclusion of distant metastases. PE in the setting of metastatic disease or with palliative intent remains controversial.The intra-operative approach is based on the anatomical division of the pelvis into five compartments (anterior, central, posterior, and two lateral). Within each compartment are various possible dissection planes which are elected depending on the extent of tumour involvement. Innovations in surgical technique have allowed ‘higher and wider’ dissection planes with resultant en bloc excision of major vessels, major nerves, and bone. Evidence of improved R0 resection and survival rates with these techniques justifies the radicality of these novel approaches.Post-operative care for PE patients is technically demanding with a substantial hospital resource burden. Unique considerations for PE patients include the ‘empty pelvis syndrome’, urological complications, and management of post-operative malnutrition. While undeniably a morbid procedure, quality of life largely returns to baseline at six months, and for long-term survivors is sustained for up to five years.     

胸神经联合前锯肌平面阻滞对保留胸肌乳腺癌根治术后患者早期康复质量的影响

目的 探索胸神经联合前锯肌平面阻滞对保留胸肌乳腺癌根治术后患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取2020年9月～2021年3月在邯郸市中心医院诊断乳腺癌并拟行保留胸肌式乳腺癌根治术的117例患者。根据是否术前行胸神经联合阻滞，分为全麻组和全麻复合神经阻滞组。于术毕24、48 h记录患者恶心呕吐发生率，上肢感觉异常，腋窝疼痛评分以及镇痛补救药物的用量。术毕48 h，行40项恢复质量评分量表（QoR 40）评分。比较术前血常规与术后一天血常规中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值。结果 全麻复合神经阻滞组在24、48 h的恶心呕吐发生率及镇痛补救药物用量均显著低于全麻组（P＜0.05），术毕24 h的上肢感觉异常，腋窝疼痛评分全麻复合神经阻滞组均显著低于全麻组（P＜0.05），术后QoR-40评分全麻复合神经阻滞组显著高于全麻组（P＜0.05）。术后中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值全麻复合神经阻滞组较全麻组明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 全麻复合胸神经阻滞可提高保留胸肌式乳腺癌根治术后患者的舒适度和满意度，有助于提高早期康复的质量。     

Nationwide outcomes of newborns with rectosigmoid versus long-segment Hirschsprung disease

PurposeHirschsprung Disease (HD) is a common congenital intestinal disorder. While aganglionosis most commonly affects the rectosigmoid colon (rectosigmoid HD), outcomes for patients in which aganglionosis extends to more proximal segments (long-segment HD) remain understudied. This study sought to compare postoperative outcomes among newborns with rectosigmoid and long-segment HD.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmission Database was queried from 2016 to 2018 for newborns with HD. Newborns were stratified into those with rectosigmoid or long-segment HD. Those who received no rectal biopsy or pull-through procedure during their newborn hospitalization were excluded. A propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA) of newborns with either type of HD was constructed utilizing 17 covariates including demographics, comorbidities, and congenital-perinatal conditions.ResultsThere were 1280 newborns identified with HD (82% rectosigmoid HD, 18% long-segment HD). Patients with rectosigmoid HD had higher rates of laparoscopic resections (35% vs. 12%) and less frequently received a concomitant ostomy (14% vs. 84%), both p < 0.001. Patients with long-segment HD were more likely to have a delayed diagnosis (12% vs. 5%) and require multiple bowel operations (19% vs. 4%), both p < 0.001. They experienced higher rates of complications, including small bowel obstructions (10% vs. 1%), infections (45% vs. 20%), and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (11% vs. 5%), all p < 0.001. After PSMA, newborns with long-segment HD were found to have a longer length of stay and higher hospitalization costs.ConclusionNewborns with long-segment HD experience significant delays in diagnosis, surgery, and complications compared to those with rectosigmoid HD. This information should be utilized to improve healthcare delivery for this patient population.Type of StudyRetrospective comparative study.Level of EvidenceIII.     

Immediate Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer: Phase I Trial Evaluating a Novel Treatment Protocol

BackgroundThe optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in non-metastatic colon cancer is poorly defined. Delays in AC result in decreased survival. Effective cytotoxic treatments should be considered during the perioperative phase of care. The immediate adjuvant chemotherapy (IAC) concept intends to capitalize on the therapeutic benefits that can be achieved in the perioperative period. We aim to demonstrate that IAC is safe and tolerable.Patient and MethodsMicrosatellite stable invasive adenocarcinomas were treated with intravenous Leucovorin 20 mg/m2 and single dose of 5-Flurouracil 400mg/m2 at the time of surgery. High-risk stage II and stage III received the first dose of standard AC at 14 days after surgery. Serial measurements of blood-based biomarkers were measured. Quality of life (QOL) was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30.ResultsOf the 20 patients recruited, 40% had final pathology of stage III, 40% stage II and 20% stage I. All patients received intra-operative chemotherapy with no associated morbidity. Median length of stay was 2 days (range of 2-4). There was no intraoperative morbidity with 5% (N = 1) grade 3 complication. AC was administered to 65% of patients. The median time to AC was 14 days (range 14-36). Overall quality of life and health scores were similar before surgery and at 30-day postoperatively (P < .05).ConclusionsA protocol based on IAC starting at the time of surgical resection was found to be safe and feasible with no adverse effects on surgical morbidity or quality of life. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the oncologic benefit of this novel systemic treatment approach.